Bahasa Melayu ke Bahasa Inggeris - Kosa Kata dan Terjemahan

Terjemahan Bahasa Melayu ke Bahasa Inggeris lebih daripada sekadar menukar perkataan. BM dan BI berbeza dari segi susunan kata, sistem kala, artikel dan cara imbuhan berfungsi dalam ayat. Padanan yang tepat perlu mengambil kira semua perbezaan ini — bukan hanya mencari perkataan yang sama makna.

Menukar perkataan satu demi satu tidak mencukupi. Terjemahan yang tepat memerlukan penyusunan semula ayat mengikut sistem tatabahasa BI.

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Alat Terjemahan Bahasa Melayu ke Bahasa Inggeris

Tiga alat terjemahan paling berguna untuk pelajar dan pengguna Malaysia. Setiap alat sesuai untuk tujuan yang berbeza.

Google Translate

Google Translate (translate.google.com) ialah alat terjemahan percuma yang paling banyak digunakan. Ia menggunakan kecerdasan buatan untuk menterjemah teks, dokumen dan laman web.

Aspek	Penilaian
Kelajuan	Serta-merta
Ketepatan ayat mudah	Baik
Ketepatan ayat kompleks	Sederhana
Ketepatan imbuhan BM	Lemah
Terjemahan peribahasa	Sering salah
Kos	Percuma

Sesuai untuk: Terjemahan kasar teks BM harian, semak padanan perkataan am, terjemahan petikan pendek.

Tidak sesuai untuk: Penulisan akademik BI, terjemahan imbuhan BM yang kompleks, terjemahan peribahasa dan simpulan bahasa.

DeepL Translator

DeepL (deepl.com) menggunakan model neural yang lebih canggih berbanding Google Translate. Sokongan untuk Bahasa Melayu masih terhad, tetapi ketepatan kontekstualnya lebih baik untuk ayat panjang.

Aspek	Penilaian
Kualiti terjemahan Eropah	Sangat baik
Sokongan Bahasa Melayu	Terhad
Ketepatan kontekstual	Lebih baik daripada Google
Kos	Percuma (had) / berbayar (premium)

Sesuai untuk: Semakan semula terjemahan untuk padanan yang lebih semula jadi; terjemahan BI ke bahasa Eropah dan sebaliknya.

Kamus DBP Online (prpm.dbp.gov.my)

Portal PRPM terbitan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka ialah kamus dalam talian yang diiktiraf untuk padanan rasmi Bahasa Melayu standard.

Aspek	Penilaian
Ketepatan padanan rasmi	Sangat tinggi
Istilah teknikal dan saintifik	Komprehensif
Terjemahan ayat penuh	Tidak tersedia
Kelajuan	Carian perkataan sahaja
Kos	Percuma

Sesuai untuk: Cari padanan BI rasmi bagi istilah BM, semak istilah peristilahan, cari definisi standard.

Panduan Penggunaan Alat Terjemahan:

Untuk hasil terjemahan BM ke BI yang tepat:

1. Gunakan Google Translate untuk terjemahan awal yang pantas
2. Semak perkataan teknikal atau tidak pasti dengan PRPM DBP
3. Semak semula terjemahan untuk pastikan artikel (a/an/the), kala dan susunan kata BI betul

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Kosa Kata Bahasa Melayu ke Bahasa Inggeris Mengikut Tema

Kata Harian

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Contoh Ayat BI
pagi	morning	Good morning — have a great day.
petang	afternoon / evening	We rested in the afternoon.
malam	night	The sky was full of stars that night.
makan	eat	They eat together every day.
minum	drink	Drink enough water daily.
tidur	sleep	Children need at least eight hours of sleep.
berjalan	walk	We walked to school every morning.
berlari	run	The athlete ran fast across the field.
rumah	house / home	Their house is at the end of the road.
jalan	road / street	The road was freshly paved.
air	water	Drinking water should be boiled first.
makanan	food	Traditional Malay food is rich in spices.
rakan / kawan	friend	His best friend comes from Kelantan.
keluarga	family	Our family has six members.
kanak-kanak	child / children	The children played in the park.
lelaki	man / male	The man helped carry the luggage.
perempuan / wanita	woman / female	The woman holds a senior position in the company.
tua / lama	old	That old tree is over a hundred years old.
baru	new	New textbooks were distributed to all students.
besar	big / large	The large stadium can hold 50,000 spectators.
kecil	small	The small shop sells various goods.
baik	good	Good students respect their teachers.
buruk / jahat	bad / evil	Bad weather prevented the voyage.
panas	hot	The hot weather today calls for extra care.
sejuk	cold	A cold wind blew across the highlands.
laju / cepat	fast / quick	The express train moved at high speed.
lambat / perlahan	slow	The car moved slowly near the school zone.
gembira / bahagia	happy	Students were happy with their excellent results.
sedih	sad	The news of the loss was deeply saddening.
beli	buy / purchase	Mother bought vegetables at the morning market.
jual	sell	The farmer sold his produce at the town market.
buka	open	The shop opens at eight in the morning.
tutup	close	The library closes on Sundays.
datang	come / arrive	Guests from Sabah arrived yesterday evening.
pergi	go	They went to the beach during the school holidays.
lihat / tengok	see / look	We could see the mountain from the room window.
dengar	hear / listen	He could hear the sound of rain from afar.
kata / berkata	say / said	The teacher said the exam would be held next week.
tahu / mengetahui	know	All students know the school rules.
fikir / berfikir	think	Thinking before acting is a sign of wisdom.
mahu / hendak	want	The student wants to continue studies at university.
perlu / perlukan	need	The country needs a skilled workforce.
kerja / bekerja	work	The villagers worked hard in the field.
main / bermain	play	Children played cheerfully at the playground.
bantu / membantu	help	Neighbours helped during the kenduri.
beri / memberi	give	The teacher gave encouragement to weaker students.
ambil / mengambil	take	The doctor took a blood sample for testing.
letak / meletakkan	put / place	Place the book on the shelf after use.
buat / membuat	make / do	They made preparations for the birthday celebration.
cinta / kasih	love	A mother’s love for her child is unconditional.

Sekolah dan Pendidikan

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Contoh Ayat BI
sekolah	school	The national school recently received top recognition.
guru / cikgu	teacher	The teacher is known for creative teaching methods.
pelajar / murid	student / pupil	Form Five students are preparing for SPM.
kelas	class	Extra classes are held every Saturday morning.
pelajaran	lesson / subject	Today’s Mathematics lesson covers fractions.
mata pelajaran	subject	Science requires practical experiments.
peperiksaan	exam / examination	The SPM examination is held in October and November.
kerja rumah	homework	Students are given homework every evening.
buku teks	textbook	The new textbooks follow the KSSM curriculum.
perpustakaan	library	The school library holds more than 5,000 books.
pengetua	principal	The new principal introduced a daily reading programme.
belajar / mengkaji	study / learn	Students study hard to achieve excellent results.
tulis / menulis	write	Students write essays based on the given picture.
baca / membaca	read	Reading books daily enriches vocabulary.
mempelajari	learn	Students learned how to use a dictionary.
faham / memahami	understand	He understood the concept of fractions after the teacher explained it.
soalan / pertanyaan	question	Exam questions cover all topics studied.
jawapan / menjawab	answer	Correct answers must include working steps.
markah	marks	The student scored full marks in the test.
gred	grade	An A grade in examinations reflects dedicated effort.
lulus / berjaya	pass	He passed all subjects with flying colours.
gagal	fail	Failure is not the end — it is the beginning of a new effort.
universiti	university	Public universities offer various degree programmes.
kolej	college	Community colleges open opportunities for rural students.
biasiswa	scholarship	A full scholarship was awarded to the country’s best student.
sijil	certificate	The SPM certificate is required as a basic entry requirement.
ijazah	degree	A Bachelor’s degree in engineering is highly sought after.
tugasan	assignment	The assignment must be submitted before the deadline.
pembentangan	presentation	The group presentation was judged by a panel.
pensel	pencil	Students write essay drafts using a pencil.
pena	pen	Exam answers must be written in black pen.
kamus	dictionary	A bilingual dictionary helps with vocabulary comprehension.
pengetahuan / ilmu	knowledge	Knowledge gained is a priceless treasure.
pendidikan	education	Quality education opens wider doors of opportunity.
kurikulum	curriculum	The KSSM curriculum is designed for the 21st century.

Sains dan Teknologi

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Contoh Ayat BI
sains	science	Science plays an important role in national development.
teknologi	technology	The latest technology makes daily life easier.
komputer	computer	Laptops have become the main learning tool for students.
internet	internet	The internet allows access to information from around the world.
perisian	software	The latest software was installed for system security.
perkakasan	hardware	The computer hardware needs to be upgraded.
data	data	User data must be protected from breaches.
kecerdasan buatan	artificial intelligence	Artificial intelligence is used in the medical sector.
robot	robot	Industrial robots increase factory production efficiency.
elektrik	electricity	A stable electricity supply is vital for industry.
tenaga	energy	Solar energy is increasingly popular as a renewable source.
eksperimen	experiment	The experiment proved the scientific hypothesis.
penyelidikan / kajian	research	In-depth research is needed before drawing conclusions.
makmal	laboratory	The science laboratory is equipped with the latest instruments.
biologi	biology	Biology studies the life of organisms and ecosystems.
kimia	chemistry	Organic chemistry covers the study of carbon compounds.
fizik	physics	Physics explains the laws of nature governing the universe.
matematik	mathematics	Basic mathematics is important in all pure science fields.
formula	formula	The mathematical formula must be memorised for the exam.
hipotesis	hypothesis	A hypothesis must be tested through systematic experiments.
teori	theory	Darwin’s theory of evolution is still studied by scientists.
ciptaan	invention	The new invention received international recognition.
inovasi	innovation	Innovation in agriculture increases productivity.
aplikasi	application / app	Mobile apps make daily tasks easier.
rangkaian	network	5G networks enable faster connections.
pangkalan data	database	Patient data is stored securely.
sistem	system	The national education system is undergoing transformation.
mesin	machine	Modern agricultural machines reduce labour requirements.
vaksin	vaccine	Vaccines protect the body from infectious diseases.
atom	atom	An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element.
molekul	molecule	A water molecule consists of two hydrogen and one oxygen atom.
unsur	element	The periodic table lists all known chemical elements.
tindak balas	reaction	A chemical reaction produces new substances.
graviti	gravity	Gravity controls the movement of planets around the sun.

Alam Sekitar

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Contoh Ayat BI
alam sekitar	environment	Protecting the environment is everyone’s responsibility.
alam semula jadi	nature	Malaysia’s natural environment is rich in biodiversity.
hutan	forest	The tropical rainforest holds many species of wildlife.
sungai	river	Sungai Pahang is the longest river in the Peninsula.
lautan / laut	ocean / sea	The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
gunung	mountain	Gunung Kinabalu is a popular climbing destination.
pencemaran	pollution	Air pollution affects the health of urban residents.
perubahan iklim	climate change	Climate change threatens the balance of the global ecosystem.
kitar semula	recycling	Recycling programmes reduce solid waste at landfills.
kepelbagaian biologi	biodiversity	The biodiversity of tropical forests must be preserved.
banjir	flood	Flash floods occur due to insufficient drainage.
kemarau	drought	A prolonged drought season affects agricultural yields.
gempa bumi	earthquake	The earthquake caused severe building damage.
spesies	species	Many animal species are threatened with extinction due to logging.
kepupusan	extinction	The extinction of Malayan tigers must be prevented urgently.
gas rumah hijau	greenhouse gas	Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming.
tenaga boleh diperbaharui	renewable energy	Renewable energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
pemuliharaan	conservation	Forest conservation must be prioritised in development policy.
penebangan hutan	deforestation	Uncontrolled deforestation threatens wildlife habitat.
mampan	sustainable	Sustainable development balances economic and environmental needs.
pemanasan global	global warming	Global warming is causing sea levels to rise.
hidupan liar	wildlife	Wildlife must be protected from illegal poaching.
tanah	soil / land	Soil quality determines the fertility of farms and paddy fields.
udara	air	Air quality is measured using the Air Pollutant Index.
tumbuhan	plant	Tropical plants play a role in absorbing carbon dioxide.
haiwan	animal	Wild animals are protected under the Wildlife Protection Act.
pokok	tree	Trees planted today are a heritage for future generations.

Kesihatan

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Contoh Ayat BI
kesihatan	health	Health is the most precious asset in life.
hospital	hospital	The tertiary hospital provides complete specialist treatment.
doktor	doctor	The surgeon is renowned throughout the country.
jururawat	nurse	Nurses play an important role in patient care.
ubat / perubatan	medicine / medication	Medicine must be taken according to the prescribed dosage.
penyakit	disease / illness	Non-communicable diseases are now a major health challenge.
rawatan	treatment	Early treatment increases a patient’s recovery rate.
pembedahan	surgery	Open-heart surgery requires an experienced specialist.
pemakanan	nutrition	Balanced nutrition is important for children’s growth.
senaman	exercise	Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic disease.
darah	blood	A blood test can detect various types of disease.
jantung	heart	A healthy heart requires exercise and nutritious food.
peparu	lungs	Smoking damages the lungs and causes cancer.
otak	brain	The human brain has extraordinary processing capacity.
tulang	bone	Calcium is important for strong bone growth.
kulit	skin	The skin serves as the body’s first line of defence.
demam	fever	A high fever must be treated promptly to avoid complications.
batuk	cough	A prolonged cough needs to be checked by a doctor.
sakit kepala	headache	A severe headache may indicate high blood pressure.
alahan	allergy	Food allergies must be disclosed to the doctor.
vaksinasi	vaccination	Childhood vaccination prevents dangerous infectious diseases.
diet / pemakanan	diet	A balanced diet with vegetables and fruits is recommended.
farmasi	pharmacy	Prescription medication can only be purchased at a licensed pharmacy.
kesihatan mental	mental health	Mental health is as important as physical health.
tekanan / stres	stress	High work stress has a negative impact on health.
vitamin	vitamin	Vitamin C helps boost the body’s immune system.
obesiti	obesity	Childhood obesity is on the rise.
kencing manis	diabetes	Diabetes must be controlled through diet and medication.
kanser	cancer	Breast cancer can be treated effectively if detected early.

Masyarakat dan Sosial

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Contoh Ayat BI
masyarakat	society	Malaysia’s plural society lives in harmony.
budaya / kebudayaan	culture	The diverse culture of various ethnic groups enriches Malaysia’s identity.
tradisi / adat	tradition / custom	Malay artistic traditions are passed down from generation to generation.
komuniti	community	The local community joined hands in the cleanliness programme.
kerajaan	government	The government launched an aid programme for the poor.
undang-undang	law	The law must be obeyed by all levels of society.
keadilan	justice	Social justice ensures every citizen receives equal rights.
hak	right	Human rights must be respected by all parties.
kebebasan	freedom	Freedom of speech must be exercised responsibly.
kemiskinan	poverty	Poverty eradication programmes reduce the income gap.
kebajikan	welfare	The Social Welfare Department assists those in need.
pilihan raya	election	General elections are held every five years.
demokrasi	democracy	Parliamentary democracy is the basis of Malaysia’s governance.
media	media	Mass media is responsible for delivering accurate information.
media sosial	social media	Social media widely influences public opinion.
agama	religion	Islam is the official religion of Malaysia.
kaum / bangsa	race / ethnic group	Harmonious race relations are Malaysia’s strength.
bahasa	language	Bahasa Melayu is Malaysia’s national language.
sukarela / sukarelawan	volunteer	Volunteer work reflects a noble community spirit.
amal / derma	charity	Public donations help disaster victims.
pendapatan	income	Household income has increased with economic progress.
jenayah	crime	Crime rates can be reduced through proactive prevention.
polis	police	The Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) maintains public safety.
mahkamah	court	The court hears cases fairly and transparently.
warganegara	citizen	Every citizen is responsible for maintaining national peace.
penduduk / populasi	population	Malaysia’s population has exceeded 33 million people.

Kerjaya dan Pekerjaan

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Contoh Ayat BI
kerja / pekerjaan	job / work	Jobs in the technology field are highly sought after.
kerjaya	career	A career in medicine requires years of study.
gaji	salary	The minimum wage is set to protect workers’ rights.
majikan	employer	Employers are responsible for paying wages on time.
pekerja	employee / worker	Experienced workers are given priority in hiring.
pengurus	manager	The department manager oversees 20 staff members.
syarikat	company	The multinational company opened a branch in Malaysia.
pejabat	office	The company’s new office is located in Kuala Lumpur.
mesyuarat	meeting	Weekly meetings are held every Monday morning.
temuduga	interview	A job interview requires thorough preparation.
kemahiran	skill	Communication skills are important in all types of work.
pengalaman	experience	Work experience increases an employee’s value.
kenaikan pangkat	promotion	Promotions are given based on job performance.
berhenti kerja	resign	He resigned to start his own business.
bersara	retire	The officer retired after 30 years of service.
perniagaan	business	Small and medium businesses drive the local economy.
usahawan	entrepreneur	Young entrepreneurs need to be exposed to management skills.
pelaburan	investment	Investment in education yields long-term returns.
bajet / anggaran	budget	The national annual budget is prepared by the Ministry of Finance.
untung / keuntungan	profit	The company’s profit increased by 20 percent this year.
rugi / kerugian	loss	Business losses must be analysed for improvement.
pasaran	market	The global market is increasingly competitive in the digital era.
perdagangan	trade	International trade strengthens the national economy.
eksport	export	Palm oil exports contribute to national revenue.
import	import	Imports of raw materials must be managed to protect local industry.
pertanian	agriculture	Modern agriculture uses technology to increase yields.
industri	industry	The manufacturing industry absorbs many local workers.
kilang	factory	The electronics factory exports products to 30 countries.
pengangkutan	transportation	An efficient public transport system reduces traffic congestion.

Perasaan dan Emosi

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Contoh Ayat BI
gembira / bahagia	happy	The child was happy to receive a surprise gift.
sedih	sad	The news of the leader’s passing brought sadness.
marah	angry	He was angry when the good plan was rejected without reason.
takut / gentar	afraid / fearful	The young man was not afraid to face the new challenge.
terkejut	surprised	The whole family was surprised to receive the good news.
bangga	proud	The mother was proud of her child’s sporting achievements.
malu	ashamed / shy / embarrassed	He felt ashamed when his mistake became public knowledge.
bimbang / risau	worried	Parents are worried about their children’s academic performance.
teruja / bersemangat	excited	Students were excited about the student exchange programme.
bosan	bored	Doing the same activity every day makes students bored.
sunyi / kesepian	lonely	Elderly people living alone often feel lonely.
yakin / berkeyakinan	confident	Students who are well-prepared feel confident facing exams.
kecewa	disappointed	He was disappointed when his efforts went unrecognised.
bersyukur	grateful	Being grateful for every blessing is a noble practice.
berharap / optimistik	hopeful	The people are hopeful that the new policy will bring positive change.
cemburu / iri hati	jealous	Jealousy should be overcome by developing one’s own potential.
cinta / kasih sayang	love	Parents’ love for their children is unconditional.
benci	hate	Feelings of hatred should be replaced with tolerance.
gugup / gementar	nervous	The young candidate was nervous during his first interview.
tenang	calm	Calm leadership is needed in times of crisis.

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Panduan Imbuhan Bahasa Melayu ke Bahasa Inggeris

Imbuhan BM tiada padanannya secara langsung dalam bahasa Inggeris. Setiap imbuhan membawa makna tatabahasa tersendiri, dan padanan BI bergantung pada fungsinya dalam ayat.

Imbuhan Awalan

Imbuhan BM	Fungsi dalam BM	Padanan dalam BI	Contoh
meN-	Kata kerja aktif	Bentuk kata kerja aktif	menulis = writes / wrote
di-	Kata kerja pasif	Bentuk kata kerja pasif (is/was + past participle)	ditulis = is written / was written
beR-	Keadaan atau perbuatan intransitif	Kata kerja intransitif atau kata adjektif	berlari = runs; berjaya = successful
teR-	Perbuatan tidak sengaja atau tahap tertinggi	accidentally / most / -est	terjatuh = fell accidentally; terpandai = the most clever
peN-	Pelaku	Noun agent (-er / -or / person who)	penulis = writer; pengajar = teacher
ke-	Bilangan ordinal atau keadaan	Ordinal (first, second) atau keadaan	ketiga = third; kebersihan = cleanliness
se-	Satu, sama atau keseluruhan	One, whole, same, as … as	sebuku = one book; sehari = one day / the whole day

Imbuhan Akhiran dan Apitan

Imbuhan BM	Fungsi dalam BM	Padanan dalam BI	Contoh
-kan	Menambah objek atau menyebabkan	Transitive verb / causative	membantu = help; membantu-kan = provide / furnish
-i	Melakukan perbuatan berulang atau pada tempat	Directional / repeated action	menduduki = occupy; menghadiri = attend
-an	Membentuk kata nama dari kata kerja	Noun form (-tion / -ment / -ing)	pelajaran = lesson; tulisan = writing
meN-…-kan	Kata kerja transitif yang menyebabkan	Causative transitive verb	membesarkan = to enlarge / to raise
meN-…-i	Kata kerja transitif arah atau berulang	Directional transitive verb	menyertai = to join; menghadiri = to attend
di-…-kan	Pasif bagi meN-…-kan	Causative passive	dibesarkan = was raised / was enlarged
peN-…-an	Kata nama proses atau abstrak	Process noun / abstract noun (-tion, -ment)	pembelajaran = learning; penyelidikan = research

Contoh terjemahan imbuhan dalam ayat:

Ayat BM	Ayat BI
Dia menulis surat itu.	He wrote the letter.
Surat itu ditulis olehnya.	The letter was written by him.
Dia berlari di padang.	She ran / was running on the field.
Dia terjatuh di tangga.	She accidentally fell on the stairs.
Dia ialah penulis terkenal.	He is a famous writer.
Pembelajaran amat penting.	Learning is very important.
Mereka membesarkan anak dengan baik.	They raised their child well.

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Perkataan BM yang Sukar Diterjemah ke Bahasa Inggeris

Sebilangan perkataan BM tiada padanan tepat dalam bahasa Inggeris. Perkataan sebegini perlu diterangkan menggunakan frasa atau keterangan tambahan dalam BI.

Perkataan BM	Padanan BI (Anggaran)	Catatan
gotong-royong	communal cooperation / community work	Tiada padanan tunggal; merujuk amalan bekerja bersama secara sukarela
muafakat	consensus through deliberation	Lebih daripada sekadar “agreement” — ada unsur musyawarah
muhibah	goodwill / fellowship	Merujuk khusus kepada semangat perpaduan antara kaum
rezeki	God-given livelihood / blessing	Mengandungi unsur keredhaan Tuhan; berbeza daripada “income”
sayang	love / pity / affection	Konteks menentukan terjemahan — “sayang kau” = I love you; “sayang sekali” = what a pity
rindu	miss / yearn / long for	Lebih mendalam daripada “miss” — mengandungi perasaan kerinduan yang kuat
segan	reluctant / shy / ashamed	Bergantung konteks: segan bertanya = reluctant to ask; segan bercakap = shy
malu	shy / ashamed / embarrassed	”malu” berkait raga sosial — bukan sekadar “embarrassed”
budi bicara	discretion / good judgment	”Atas budi bicara guru” = at the teacher’s discretion
amanah	trust / trustworthiness / mandate	Mengandungi dimensi moral dan agama
ikhlas	sincere / wholehearted	”Ikhlas” mempunyai konotasi agama — tulus dari hati
bertimbangrasa	considerate / empathetic	Tiada padanan tepat; merujuk rasa belas kasihan dan pertimbangan

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Perbezaan Tatabahasa Bahasa Melayu dan Bahasa Inggeris

Lima perbezaan tatabahasa antara BM dan BI ini kerap menjadi punca kesilapan dalam terjemahan. Rujuk panduan tatabahasa BM untuk penerangan lanjut.

1. Susunan Kata Adjektif

Perbezaan paling ketara antara BM dan BI ialah kedudukan kata adjektif dalam frasa nama.

Bahasa	Susunan	Contoh
Bahasa Melayu	Nama + Adjektif	bunga cantik / kereta merah
Bahasa Inggeris	Adjektif + Nama	beautiful flower / red car

Contoh terjemahan:

Bahasa Melayu	Terjemahan Betul BI	Terjemahan Salah
bangunan tinggi	a tall building	a building tall
pelajar pandai itu	the clever student	the student clever
air sejuk	cold water	water cold
jalan panjang	a long road	a road long

2. Artikel (A / An / The)

BM tiada artikel. Apabila menterjemah ke BI, artikel a/an/the perlu ditambah mengikut konteks rujukan.

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Kaedah
buku itu	the book	”itu” = rujukan spesifik, guna “the”
sebuah buku	a book	”se-” + penjodoh = artikel “a/an”
buku	books / a book	konteks menentukan
seorang guru	a teacher	”se-” + penjodoh orang = “a”
guru itu	the teacher	”itu” = spesifik, guna “the”
kanak-kanak itu	the children	”itu” = spesifik, guna “the”

3. Sistem Kala (Tense)

BM tidak mengubah kata kerja untuk menunjukkan kala. Masa ditunjukkan melalui kata keterangan seperti semalam, sekarang atau esok. Dalam terjemahan BI, kala ditentukan dari konteks ayat.

Kata Keterangan BM	Kala BI yang Sesuai	Contoh
semalam, tadi, tahun lalu, dulu	Past tense	Dia datang semalam. = He came yesterday.
sekarang, kini, sedang	Present tense / present continuous	Mereka sedang belajar. = They are studying.
esok, minggu depan, akan	Future tense	Saya akan pergi esok. = I will go tomorrow.
biasanya, selalu	Simple present (habits)	Dia selalu bangun awal. = He always wakes up early.

Contoh terjemahan dengan kala:

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris
Dia makan nasi semalam.	He ate rice yesterday.
Dia makan nasi sekarang.	He is eating rice now.
Dia makan nasi esok.	He will eat rice tomorrow.
Dia selalu makan nasi.	He always eats rice.

4. Bentuk Jamak (Plural)

BM menunjukkan jamak melalui penggandaan atau kata bilangan, bukan perubahan bentuk kata. Apabila menterjemah ke BI, bentuk jamak ditambah jika konteks menunjukkan lebih daripada satu.

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris	Catatan
buku-buku	books	Penggandaan BM = plural BI
para guru	teachers	”para” = plural BI
beberapa pelajar	some students	”beberapa” = some / several
ramai murid	many students	”ramai” = many (untuk orang)
banyak buku	many books / a lot of books	”banyak” = many / much
kanak-kanak	children	Penggandaan sudah ada dalam kata dasar

5. Ayat Pasif

Ayat pasif BM mempunyai dua bentuk bergantung pada pelaku. Apabila pelaku orang ketiga, imbuhan di- digunakan. Apabila pelaku orang pertama atau kedua, kata ganti nama mendahului kata kerja tanpa awalan meN-.

Bahasa Melayu (Pasif)	Bahasa Inggeris (Pasif)
Buku itu dibaca oleh Ali.	The book was read by Ali.
Surat itu saya tulis.	The letter was written by me.
Makanan itu kamu masak.	The food was cooked by you.
Projek itu sedang dibina.	The project is being built.
Kerja itu telah disiapkan.	The work has been completed.

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Terjemahan Peribahasa Melayu ke Bahasa Inggeris

Peribahasa Melayu tidak boleh diterjemah secara harfiah. Setiap peribahasa mempunyai makna tersendiri yang perlu dicari padanannya dalam idiom BI.

Peribahasa Melayu	Makna	Padanan Idiom BI
bagai aur dengan tebing	Saling bergantung, tidak boleh dipisah	as thick as thieves / inseparable
seperti katak di bawah tempurung	Berfikiran sempit, tidak tahu dunia luar	a frog in a well / narrow-minded
biar lambat asalkan selamat	Lebih baik berhati-hati daripada tergesa-gesa	slow and steady wins the race
sedikit-sedikit, lama-lama jadi bukit	Usaha yang berterusan membawa hasil besar	little by little, a little becomes a lot
seperti api dalam sekam	Masalah atau rasa tidak puas hati yang tersembunyi	a smouldering fire / a ticking time bomb
air yang tenang jangan disangka tiada buaya	Jangan menilai seseorang dari luaran sahaja	still waters run deep
bersatu teguh, bercerai roboh	Perpaduan membawa kekuatan	united we stand, divided we fall
harapkan pagar, pagar makan padi	Orang yang dipercayai mengkhianati kepercayaan	a wolf in sheep’s clothing / betrayal by a trusted one
ikut hati mati, ikut rasa binasa	Tindakan tanpa fikiran membawa padah	act in haste, repent at leisure
melentur buluh biar dari rebungnya	Didikan sejak kecil amat penting	train up a child in the way he should go
yang dikejar tak dapat, yang dikendong berciciran	Tamak haloba menyebabkan kehilangan semua	grasp all, lose all
jauh berjalan luas pandangan	Pengalaman meluas wawasan	travel broadens the mind
seperti pinang dibelah dua	Dua orang yang sangat serupa	two peas in a pod
tepuk dada tanya selera	Ikut kemahuan dan kemampuan sendiri	know yourself / follow your own heart
ada udang di sebalik batu	Ada maksud tersembunyi	there’s a hidden agenda / an ulterior motive
pucuk dicita ulam mendatang	Mendapat apa yang diinginkan secara tidak dijangka	speak of the devil / getting what you wished for

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Frasa Lazim Bahasa Melayu ke Bahasa Inggeris

Frasa Sapaan dan Santun

BM Formal	BM Tidak Formal	Bahasa Inggeris
Selamat pagi	Pagi	Good morning
Apa khabar?	Macam mana? / Apa cerita?	How are you?
Saya sihat, terima kasih.	Baik, terima kasih.	I am fine, thank you.
Tolong / Sila	Tolong	Please
Terima kasih	Terima kasih / tq	Thank you
Sama-sama / Jangan segan	Sama-sama	You are welcome
Saya minta maaf	Maaf ya	I am sorry
Maaf / Izinkan saya	Maaf	Excuse me
Selamat tinggal / Selamat jalan	Bye / Jumpa lagi	Goodbye
Jumpa esok	Jumpa esok	See you tomorrow
Jaga diri baik-baik	Jaga diri	Take care

Frasa Akademik dan Penulisan Formal

Bahasa Melayu	Bahasa Inggeris
Kesimpulannya / Sebagai penutup	In conclusion / To conclude
Tambahan pula / Selain itu	Furthermore / In addition
Walau bagaimanapun / Namun	However / Nevertheless
Oleh itu / Justeru	Therefore / Hence
Contohnya / Sebagai contoh	For example / For instance
Pada pendapat saya	In my opinion
Berdasarkan	Based on
Menurut	According to
Adalah penting / Penting untuk	It is important to
Bagi / Untuk / Demi	In order to
Akibatnya / Hasilnya	As a result / Consequently
Sebaliknya / Di sebalik itu	On the other hand
Dengan kata lain	In other words
Kesimpulannya	In short / To sum up

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Panduan Terjemahan untuk SPM dan UASA

Soalan terjemahan dalam kertas Bahasa Melayu SPM biasanya memerlukan pelajar menterjemah petikan daripada BM ke BI atau sebaliknya. Soalan yang sama muncul dalam UASA untuk pelajar Tingkatan 1 hingga 4.

Langkah Terjemahan BM ke BI

Langkah	Tindakan	Perkara yang Perlu Diperhatikan
1	Baca keseluruhan teks BM dahulu	Fahami tema, nada dan konteks am
2	Kenal pasti perkataan dengan imbuhan	Tentukan fungsi imbuhan sebelum menterjemah
3	Terjemah unit makna, bukan kata demi kata	Fahami maksud frasa secara keseluruhan
4	Tambah artikel (a/an/the) yang sesuai	BM tiada artikel — BI memerlukan
5	Tambah kala (tense) yang betul	Lihat kata keterangan masa dalam ayat BM
6	Betulkan susunan kata BI	Adjektif mendahului nama dalam BI
7	Tambah bentuk jamak jika perlu	Semak sama ada rujukan am atau khusus
8	Baca semula terjemahan BI	Pastikan ayat bermakna dan semula jadi

Kesilapan Lazim dalam Soalan Terjemahan SPM

Kesilapan	Contoh Salah	Pembetulan
Lupa tambah artikel	”She is teacher."	"She is a teacher.”
Lupa tambah kala	”He go to school yesterday."	"He went to school yesterday.”
Salah susunan kata	”She bought dress beautiful."	"She bought a beautiful dress.”
Terjemah peribahasa secara harfiah	”like a frog under a coconut shell"	"narrow-minded” / “a frog in a well”
Terjemah imbuhan secara harfiah	”he ber-run"	"he ran” / “he was running”
Lupa bentuk jamak	”There are many student."	"There are many students.”
Salah pilih padanan “sayang"	"what a love” (untuk “sayang sekali”)	“what a pity” / “unfortunately”

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Hubungan Terjemahan dengan Golongan Kata BM

Terjemahan yang tepat bergantung pada pemahaman golongan kata BM:

• Kata kerja BM dengan imbuhan meN- dan di- menentukan sama ada terjemahan BI berbentuk aktif atau pasif
• Kata adjektif BM hadir selepas nama, tetapi dalam BI ia mendahului nama
• Kata ganti nama BM seperti beliau dan baginda perlu diterjemah mengikut konteks hormat dalam BI (he/she/His Majesty)
• Kata adverba BM bagi masa seperti semalam dan esok menentukan kala terjemahan BI